Maturità 2017, primo giorno di esami per 500 mila studenti
Primo giorno di esami per 500 mila studenti. Studenti alle prese con letteratura, scienze, storia
Oggi la prima prova, quella di italiano, della Maturità 2017. Il primo tema, cioè quello dell’analisi del testo, è stato riservato a una poesia di Giorgio Caproni, che fa parte di “Versicoli quasi ecologici in una raccolta di poesie pubblicata nel 1972 dal titolo “Res Amissa”. Giorgio Caproni è uno dei poeti del primo novecento, poco noto ai più, appassionato di musica e di arte, di origini livornesi, ma vissuto a Genova e a Roma. Partecipò come partigiano alla Seconda guerra mondiale e insegnò per molti anni, come maestro elementare. I versi e i temi portanti della sua poetica sono dedicati alla madre, e al viaggio, un viaggio allegorico alla scoperta della vita. Il grande critico letterario Carlo Bo, lo definì il “Poeta del sole, della luce e del mare”. In verità fa piacere che, a un poeta schivo di pubblicità e pubbliche esibizioni, quasi dimenticato, sia stato reso un tardivo omaggio, sottoponendo alcuni suoi versi all’attenzione dei circa 500 mila candidati che oggi siedono sui banchi delle scuole a spremersi le meningi per scrivere il tema.
Ecco il testo della poesia che, a dire il vero, non dice niente di nuovo rispetto alla distruzione della natura di cui è stato protagonista l’uomo, soprattutto negli ultimi due secoli. Si potrebbe pensare al film “Avatar” e alla dimensione quasi mistica di un ambiente incontaminato, dove l’uomo semina bombe e distruzione, ma che alla fine riesce ad avere ragione della violenza su di esso esercitata.
Non uccidete il mare,
la libellula, il vento.
Non soffocate il lamento
(il canto! del lamantino.
Il galagone, il pino:
anche di questo è fatto l’uomo.
E chi per profitto vile
fulmina un pesce, un fiume,
non fatelo cavaliere del lavoro.
L’amore finisce dove finisce l’erba
e l’acqua muore.
Dove sparendo la foresta
e l’aria verde, chi resta sospira
nel sempre più vasto paese guasto:
Come potrebbe tornare a essere bella,
scomparso l’uomo, la terra
Quasi in continuità con i versi di Caproni seguono immagini del pittore inglese William Turner, di Pellizza da Volpedo, autore del famoso quadro “Novecento” e versi di pascoli per sviluppare in un breve articolo il tema “La natura tra minaccia e idillio nell’arte e nella letteratura” per il saggio breve in ambito artistico-letterario. Poi, per il saggio breve socio-economico, la robotica e nuove tecnologie nel mondo del lavoro, da uno dei testi di Enrico Marro, articolo da IlSole24Ore.
Il saggio storico politico è stato dedicato al tema: Disastri e ricostruzione, in cui il riferimento al recente terremoto del centro Italia è troppo evidente. Per il tema storico gli esperti del MIUR hanno pensato a “Il miracolo economico italiano”, con citazioni di Piero Bevilacqua da “Lezioni sull’Italia repubblicana” e da Paul Ginsborg da “Storia d’Italia dal dopoguerra a oggi”. Anche qua sembra che ci sia un sottile filo di collegamento con il tema su “Il progresso” che caratterizza, come ogni anno, il tema di attualità partendo, questa volta, da una citazione di Edoardo Boncinelli (“Per migliorarci serve una mutazione”).
Domani i ragazzi dovranno tornare tra i banchi il giorno dopo, 22 giugno, per il secondo scritto. Il 26, dopo un week end per tirare il fiato, si cimenteranno con il famigerato quizzone. Quarta prova scritta, per gli indirizzi in cui è prevista, il 27; mentre per le scuole sedi di seggio elettorale la terza e quarta prova scritta si svolgeranno il 27 e il 28. Poi, naturalmente, gli orali.
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